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UN  IV  I 


WTT,t.iAM  R.  WiLLCox,  Chairman 

Ctrus  H.  McCoRMiCK,  Ist  Vice- Chairman 

Emerson  AIcMtllin,  2d  Vice- Chairman 

Ellison  A.  Smyth,  3rf  Vice- Chair  man 

Nathan  Straus,  ^/A  Vice-Chairman 

Isaac  N.  Seligman,  Treasurer 

Miss  Gertritde  Bkeks,  fiecretary 

B.  J.  Greknhut,  CAaiVman  Ways  and  Means  Com. 


EMPLOYERS"    WELFARE    DEPARTMENT 

THE    NATIONAL   CIVIC    FEDERATION 

METROPOLITAN    BUILDING 

1  MADISON  Avenue,   New  York  city 
EXECUTIVE     COUNCIL 

W.  li.  Saunders,  Chairman  New  York  Welfare 
Com. 

AUOUST  Belmowt,  Chairman  Department  Com- 
pensation for  Industrial  Accidents  and  Ttieir 
/'rerention 

Joiix  Hays  HAMMfiNP,  CItairman  Department  on 
Prevention  of  Mining  Accidents 


Georoe  W.  Perkins,  Chairman  Dept.  on    Wage 

Earners'  Ins, 
Vt.  R.  Wir.LCOX,  Chairman  Com.  Public  Employes' 

Pensions 
Robert  n.  KoHN,  Consulting  Architect 
("HRIiaTOPH  D.  ROEHR,  Commissary  E.rpert 

Alexander  Lambert,  Medical  Director 


Mr.  L.  a.  Coolidcje,  Treasurer,  June  2,  1911. 

United  Shoe  Machinery  Company,  Albany  Building,  Boston,  Ma.ss. 

Dear  Mr.  Coolidgc :  —  Recently  I  read  the  magazine  article  on  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company's  welfare  work  at  the 
Beverly  factory  and  realized  for  the  first  time,  through  this  comprehensive  account,  how  extensively  the  Company  has  promoted 
its  welfare  work  and  how  sanely  this  work  has  been  conducted.  Mr.  George  W.  Brown,  your  Vice-Pre.sident,  having  become  a 
member  of  our  E.xecutive  Committee  at  the  time  of  the  organization  of  our  Employers'  Welfare  Department  and  having  progressed 
with  us  step  by  step,  I  did  not  before  appreciate,  although  we  have  been  constantly  in  conference  with  you,  the  cumulative  result 
of  your  efforts  along  this  hne. 

No  other  member  has  followed  more  zealously  and  adhered  more  closely  to  the  underlying  principles  nece.ssary  to  the  successful 
operation  of  welfare  work  laid  down  by  our  Welfare  Department  at  its  inception,  namely  :  that  steady  work,  an  equitable  wage  and 
reasonable  hours  of  labor  are  the  first  essentials  to  the  welfare  of  employes  and  that  the  employer  must  be  just  in  tho.se  matters  if 
he  proposes  successfully  to  carry  out  his  further  obligation  in  providing  sanitary  work  places,  recreation,  educational  clas.ses,  homes 
and  provident  funds  —  the  five  divisions  of  welfare  work.  One  of  our  rules  has  been  to  advocate  that  particular  attention  should  be 
given  to  the  pressing  necessities  for  the  physical  well-being  of  employes  in  their  work  places.  That  your  Company  has  recognized 
these  fimdamental  principles  is  evidenced  plainly  in  the  development  of  your  welfare  work.  One  of  the  criticisms,  sometimes  erro- 
neously made  of  welfare  work,  is  that  it  takes  the  place  of  wages.  This  is  clearly  disproven  in  your  case,  since  Beverly  has  been 
held  the  first  industrial  place  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts  regarding  average  yearly  earnings  since  1908.  I  believe  the  training  of 
the  young  men,  to  increase  their  opportunities  in  life,  is  a  contribution  to  good  citizenship. 

Most  inspiring  is  a  glance  at  the  views  showing  the  beautiful  country  surrounding  the  factory,  the  3'oung  women  in  their  rest 
room,  the  perfectly  equipped  emergency  hospital,  the  game  rooms  in  the  Men's  Club,  the  class  rooms  containing  the  young  men  at 
their  desks  for  industrial  education,  and  the  grounds  for  the  field  day  games. 

One  strong  point  in  praise  of  this  work  is  the  spirit  shown  by  the  Company, which  provides  these  improvements  because  His 
right.  Your  employes  are  treated  as  human  beings,  in  that  the  equipment  provided  in  connection  with  the  welfare  features  is  the 
best.  To  express  to  your  Company  the  appreciation  I  feel  concerning  its  helpfulness  to  the  whole  movement  in  the  cause  of  welfare 
work  would  be  to  comment  upon  all  the  points  so  well  covered  by  the  article  above  mentioned.  I  must  congratulate  you  upon  the 
preventive  work,  through  ventilation  devices,  safeguards  against  accidents,  light  workrooms,  lunch  rooms  and  other  sanitary 
arrangements  making  for  good  health.  When  all  employers  so  recognize  their  full  duty,  the  great  need  for  tuberculosis  sanita- 
riums and  almshouses  will  be  materially  reduced.    The  participation  of  the  officials  in  the  welfare  activities  also  is  gratifying. 

Since  our  method  of  inducing  employers  to  better  the  conditions  of  their  employes  is  that  of  proving  the  value  of  welfare  work 
by  quoting  splendid  examples,  5vs  saall  find  it  particularly  valuable  to  point  to  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  for  emulation. 
•  i"  ;    .,  Sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)         GERTRUDE  BEEKS, 
''-•.'•'.';',••-      '■   f\        '  Secretary  Welfare  Department. 


Page  4 


;> 


Club  House  for  Employees 


The  Story  of  Three  Partners 

By  THOMAS  DREIER 

THIS  is  a  story  about  a  successful  corporation  that  exists  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  profit. 
That,  of  course,  is  a  terrible  indictment  to  bring  against  it.  But,  since  every  business 
institution  is  organized  for  that  purpose,  we  may  find  it  in  our  hearts  to  extend  forgiveness, 
especially  when  these  profits  are  made  as  the  result  of  obeying  fundamental  laws,  —  laws  whicli 
even  the  individual  must  obey  if  he  would  live  and  grow  and  serve. 

The  Law  of  Self-preservation  and  the  Law  of  Self-perpetuation  demand  absolute  obedience. 
They  cannot  be  broken.  Disobedience  brings  punishment.  There  can  be  no  appeal.  This  story, 
then,  is  about  a  business  institution  tliat  has  obeyed  and  is  obeying  the  fundamental  laws  of  nature. 
It  is  self-supporting  and  self-perpetuating,  and  the  secret  of  its  success  is  —  Service. 

Persons  and  business  institutions  may  be  divided  into  four  classes  :  Predatory,  Mendicant, 
Remittance,  and  Earners.     The  first  robs  and  steals,  the  second  begs,  the  third  lives  on  voluntary 


3377T0 


Pages 


.  -  <  i  •<  "  ; 


!  <  <-  > 


Page  6 


The  Countryside 


gifts,  while  the  fourth  class  is  the  only  one  worth  while.  The  individual  in  obeying  the  two 
fundamental  laws  demands  what  we  call  the  three  Primary  Requisites :  Food,  Raiment,  and 
Shelter.  To  get  these  things  and  others  which  he  desires,  he  may  employ  either  of  the  four 
methods,  but,  if  he  be  wise,  he  will  understand  the  common  sense  packed  into  "The  greatest 
among  ye  shall  be  your  servant,"  and  will  see  clearly,  to  quote  a  business  philosopher,  that  "  the 
science  of  business  is  the  science  of  service,  and  he  profits  most  who  serves  best." 

Born  in  an  age  when  big  business  men  everywhere  believed  in  "Competition  is  the  life  of 
trade,"  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  has  shown  almost  uncanny  wisdom  in  introducing 
into  its  organization  the  comparatively  modern  business-building  belief  that  a  high  ideal  is  the 
most  practical  thing  in  the  world,  that  the  principle  of  equal  service  to  all  and  special  privilege  to 
none  is  not  only  ethically  right  but  in  practice  becomes  commercial  wisdom.  These  wide-eyed, 
broad-visioned,  practical  business-getters  and  business-builders  have  demonstrated  that  service 
pays, —  pays  in  dollars  and  cents  and  in  those  finer  things  which  must  ever  be  woven  into  a 
life  that  is  a  true  success. 

Harmonious  Co-operation  Maintained 

This,  then,  is  a  story  about  Three  Partners,  —  the  three  partners  who  control  every  business 
institution,  large  or  small,  successful  or  unsuccessful.  The  men  who  have  built  the  United  Shoe 
Machinery  Company,  keen,  alert,  dynamic  individualists  as  they  are,  have  seen,  and  still  see 
clearly,  that  no  business  can  continue  to  be  successful  where  these  three  partners  are  not  working 
together  in  absolute  harmony  —  towards  a  single,  clearly  defined  ideal.  These  three  partners  are  : 
Capital,  Labor,  and  Society,  or  the  Public. 

Men  being  the  most  important  part  of  the  plant,  the  management  has  left  undone  nothing  that 
makes  for  the  comfort  of  the  workers  and  for  the  efficiency  of  the  work.  It  is  said  that  in  the 
factories  at  Beverly  there  exists  a  feeling  of  harmony  and  contentment  not  found  in  any  plant  of  a 
similar  nature  anywhere  in  the  world.  "  All  that  can  be  expected  from  the  most  perfect  institu- 
tions," wrote  Amiel  in  his  Journal,  "  is  that  they  should  make  it  possible  for  individual  excellence 
to  develop  itself,  not  that  they  should  produce  the  excellent  individual."  This  idea  of  Amiel's  has 
been  introduced  into  the  every-day  working  plan  of  this  Beverly  institution.  Conditions  that 
deaden  the  intellect,  that  weaken  the  body,  that  rob  men  of  hope  have  been  eliminated.  Condi- 
tions that  encourage  physical  and  mental  growth,  that  stimulate  ambition,  that  fill  the  workers  with 
belief  in  a  still  finer  future  have  been  introduced. 


I 


I 


Page  7 


Page  8 


A  Part  of  the  Power  Plant 


"  No  bargain  is  a  bargain,"  said  one  of  the  men  connected  with  the  management,  "unless 
both  parties  concerned  in  the  transaction  pronounce  it  a  bargain."  You  can  see  that  it  matters  little 
what  the  management  may  say  about  the  excellence  of  conditions  in  its  plant  unless  their  state- 
ments are  backed  up  by  the  workers  themselves.  That  the  workers  do  believe  that  their  working 
conditions,  their  wages,  their  opportunities  for  growth  and  for  happiness  are  better  than  can  be 
found  elsewhere,  and,  what  is  more  important,  are  absolutely  satisfactory  to  them,  is  proved  by  the 
fact  that  strikes  and  other  forms  of  labor  trouble  are  not  knov/n.  The  management  believes  in 
the  Chinese  principle  which  compels  the  physician  to  keep  his  patients  healthy,  instead  of  in  the 
American  practice  of  curing  after  disease  has  taken  hold.  The  workers  in  the  Beverly  plant  are 
healthy  physically  and  mentally.  Their  minds  are  not  diseased.  They  are  not  afflicted  with 
dissatisfaction. 

Some  one  has  called  all  this  *'  a  perfect  sociological  symphony."  This  seems  to  be  nothing 
but  the  truth.  One  feels  that  a  great  orchestra  had  been  used  as  a  model  —  a  great  orchestra 
where  every  man  plays  his  part  as  a  master  musician.     The  product  is  industrial  harmony. 

Our  socialist  friends  may  not  agree  with  this,  —  any  more  than  they  agree  among  themselves 
when  a  definition  of  socialism  is  demanded  — but  a  man  familiar  with  sociology  and  its  problems 
pronounces  this  plant  to  be  a  place  "  where  a  pure  democratic  standard  has  been  reached  and 
maintained,  with  the  added  merit  of  having  impractical  socialistic  elements  eliminated." 

It  is  in  unconscious  obedience  to  the  great  Aristotelian  philosophy  that  this  plant  is  con- 
ducted as  it  is.  Aristotle,  you  will  remember,  commands  men,  in  his  first  doctrine,  to  work  for 
worthy  ends.  The  aim  of  the  management  is  to  produce  in  this  plant  shoe  machinery  that 
will  approach  one  hundred  per  cent  efficiency.  Aristotle,  in  his  second  doctrine,  says  that  men 
must  have  tools  to  work  with  ;  means  by  which  to  gain  ends  efficiently.  In  obedience  to  this  the 
management  has  introduced  with  its  machinery  social  betterments  which  add  to  the  happi- 
ness, the  contentment  and  mental  efficiency  of  its  men.  The  third  great  Aristotelian  principle 
follows  directly  from  the  first  two.  "If  we  are  to  use  instruments  for  some  great  end,"  writes 
William  DeWitt  Hyde  in  explanation  of  that  third  principle,  "  then  the  amount  of  the  instruments 
we  want,  and  the  extent  to  which  we  shall  use  them,  will  obviously  be  determined  by  the  end  at 
which  we  aim." 

The  aim  of  these  business-builders  has  been  and  is  to  bring  about  and  maintain  harmonious 
co-operation  between  employers  and  employees  to  the  end  of  rendering  satisfactory  service  to 
society.     The  purpose'  of  every  organization,  no  matter  what  it  may  be,  is  realized  only  by  the 


OF 


Page  10 


Bird's-eye  View  of  Manufacturing  Plant 


interplay  of  men,  machines,  materials,  and  methods.  And  of  these  elements  the  greatest  is  men. 
You  will  remember  that,  when  a  wise  old  business-builder  of  an  earlier  day  was  asked  to  give  the 
three  chief  reasons  for  his  success,  his  answer  was  :  first,  men  ;  second,  men;  third,  men. 

The  officials  of  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  realize  that,  if  they  can  bring  about  and 
maintain  an  efficient  interplay  of  men,  machines,  materials,  and  methods,  with  service  to  society,  to 
the  ultimate  consumer,  as  their  clearly  defined  ideal,  the  matter  of  profit-making  will  take  care  of 
itself.  Efficient  results  cannot  be  obtained  with  a  machine  that  is  faulty.  Practical  manufacturers 
have  always  realized  that.  But  not  all  manufacturers  have  seen  that  a  perfect  machine  in  the 
hands  of  an  efficient  but  dissatisfied  employee  can  never,  and  has  never,  produced  a  perfect  result. 

In  an  efficiently  managed  organization  fewer  men  work  less  hard,  receive  higher  wages,  and 
deliver  a  cheaper  product.  The  "  cheaper  product  "  part  is  of  especial  interest  to  the  consumer, — 
to  society.  Waste  within  an  organization  will  manifest  itself  in  high  cost  in  the  market-place. 
Waste  must  be  paid  for,  and,  unless  the  public  pays  it,  the  organization  cannot  be  self-supporting 
or  self-perpetuating. 

"  It  is  not  because  men  do  not  work  hard,"  says  Harrington  Emerson,  "  but  because  they  are 
poorly  directed  aiid  work  under  adverse  conditions  that  their  efficiency  is  low.'" 

Let  us  look  into  the  conditions  under  which  the  co-workers  of  the  managers  of  the  United 
Shoe  Machinery  Company  perform  their  tasks. 

Health-giving  Light  and  Air 

"  Physical  health  is  the  first  requisite  of  an  efficient  worker,"  said  one  of  the  officials.  "The 
worker  who  is  not  physically  healthy  cannot  be  mentally  healthy.  Health  of  body  is  the  result  of 
nourishing  food  built  into  the  body  by  means  of  proper  exercise.  Our  first  aim,  then,  in  building 
our  factory  was  to  provide  conditions  which  would  keep  the  bodies  of  our  workers  in  perfect 
health.     Light  is  food.     So  is  air.     We  have  provided  plenty  of  both." 

So  they  have.  The  monster  plant  established  at  Beverly,  Mass.,  is  like  a  materialization  of 
the  great  command,  "  Let  there  be  Light."  The  sixteen  buildings  constructed  of  reinforced  con- 
crete have  seventy-five  per  cent  of  wall  space  devoted  to  windows.  A  few  of  the  buildings  have 
as  high  as  ninety  per  cent  of  their  wall  space  made  of  glass.  Not  frosted  windows,  mind  you, 
such  as  foolish  folk  use  to  keep  workmen  from  looking  out,  but  clear,  clean  glass  through  which 
the  sun  is  invited  to  shine  every  day  of  the  year.  In  addition  to  this,  for  the  reason  that  the  sun 
?j  does  not  always  see  fit  to  accept  the  hearty  invitation  to  enter  and  abide,  the  whole  plant  is  flooded 


\ 


Page  11 


Page  12 


Baseball  and  Cricket  at  the  Clubhouse 


with  electricity.     The  lamps  are  not  only  placed  where  they  radiate  light  generally,  but  individual 
lamps  with  protecting  eye-shades  are  to  be  found  on  every  machine,  ready  for  use  at  all  times. 

It  was  Goethe  who  said  something  to  the  effect  that,  when  we  want  to  find  out  what  people 
think  about,  we  should  watch  them  on  holidays  when  they  are  free  to  do  what  they  most  love  to 
do.  The  United  Shoe  Machinery  managers  discovered,  as  other  managers  may  eventually  dis- 
cover, that  workmen,  when  they  are  free  and  have  tlie  opportunity,  love  to  spend  their  free  time 
in  the  sunshine  in  the  open  air.  They  go  into  the  fresh  air  because  that  is  food  that  their  bodies 
demand.  Of  course,  a  manufacturing  plant  cannot  be  conducted  in  an  open  field.  But  it  can  be 
so  built  and  conducted  that  the  fresh  open-field  air  may  be  brought  into  it.  The  Beverly  plant  is 
therefore  equipped  with  an  aerating  apparatus  that  not  only  breathes  in  great  quantities  of  fresh 
air,  but  gathers  up  odors,  dust,  gases,  and  impurities,  and  expels  them,  thus  doing  for  the  factory 
what  the  lungs  do  for  the  human  body.  The  football  coach  rejoices  when  the  day  is  sunshiny  and 
the  air  is  so  crisp  that  it  almost  crackles.  The  managers  have  tried  to  create  in  this  plant  an  at- 
mosphere that  crackles.  They  insist  that  a  workman  at  a  machine  in  this  shop  is  better  off  than  a 
workman  at  the  same  machine  in  the  open  air.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  powerful  suction  fans 
pull  every  particle  of  dust  upward  and  away  from  the  operator's  lungs.  Not  only  is  the  dust  re- 
moved, but  every  safeguard  devised  to  prevent  accidents,  no  matter  how  costly,  is  employed 


The  One-price  System  Prevails 

Three  hundred  different  machines  for  the  manufacture  of  shoes  are  made  in  this  plant.  Some 
are  very  simple ;  some  so  intricate  and  almost  human  that  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  have 
gone  into  their  invention  and  perfection.  There  was  a  time,  in  the  early,  chaotic  days  of  shoe 
machinery  manufacture,  when  the  shoe  manufacturer  was  forced  to  depend  upon  many  makers  of 
shoe  machinery  for  the  proper  equipment  of  his  factory.  To-day  all  that  is  changed.  All  the 
machines  required  in  certain  departments  for  the  efficient  manufacture  of  shoes  may  now  be 
obtained  from  this  one  concern — United  Shoe  Machinery  Company.  And  here  is  an  important 
fact :  The  smallest  manufacturer  can  obtain  his  machines  on  precisely  the  same  terms  as  his  largest 
and  most  prosperous  competitor.  In  the  sale  and  leasing  of  United  Shoe  Machinery  products  the 
one-price  system  prevails.  Absolute  impartiality  is  the  rule  ;  no  preference  is  shown.  The  small 
shoe  manufacturer  with  his  daily  output  of  a  few  hundred  pairs  receives  the  same  service  and  pays 
the  same  price  as  the  large  manufacturer  with  his  daily  output  of  thousands  of  pairs.     This  is 


s 


Page  13 


Page  14 


Homes  of  Employees.     Boat  Club.     Field  IJay 


business  and  service  of  the  highest  order,  combined,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  it  is  duplicated  by  any- 
other  industrial  organization  in  this  country. 

Leasing  System  Prevents  Shoe  Manufacturers'  Trust 

There  is  only  one  reason  why  a  shoe  manufacturer  should  bu}^  his  equipment  of  the  United 
Shoe  Machinery  Company.  That  reason  is :  This  company  supplies  him  the  maximum  of  service 
at  the  minimum  of  cost.  Whether  he  buys  or  leases  his  machines,  he  is  assured  that  back  of  each 
machine  stands  all  the  knowledge,  all  the  power,  all  the  desire  to  serve,  of  a  concern  that  has 
grown  greatest  solely  because  of  its  fitness  to  serve  most  efficiently.  Because  of  the  leasing  system, 
small  manufacturers  may  engage  in  business,  and,  so  far  as  the  purchasing  or  leasing  of  machinery 
is  concerned,  receive  the  same  treatment  as  a  millionaire  competitor.  "  This  industry,"  says  the 
Massachusetts  Commission  on  the  Cost  of  Living,  writing  of  the  shoemaking  business  in  a 
recently  published  report,  —  "this  industry  is  one  of  the  few  lines  of  industrial  enterprise  of  the 
United  States  in  which  the  trust  form  of  control  has  made  no  headway."  It  is  said  that  in  1910 
there  were  over  1,200  independent  shoe  manufacturers. 

Let  this  be  stated  with  all  the  emphasis  of  italics  :  For  the  making  of  the  best  type  of  shoe  the 
company's  principal  machines  are  the  Goodyear  Welting  Machine  and  the  Goodyear  Stitching 
Machine,  and  any  manufacturer  can  lease  these  machines  zvithout  being  obliged  to  buy  or  lease 
anything  else  from  the  company.  Congressman  John  W.  Weeks,  of  Massachusetts,  laid  emphasis 
upon  this  in  a  speech  which  he  delivered  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  when,  among  other 
things,  he  said : 

"  Any  manufacturer  can  lease  the  company's  essential  machines  without  being  obliged  to  use  any  other 
machine  which  the  company  makes.  Substantially  every  factory  in  the  United  States  uses  machines  which  it 
has  not  obtained  from  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company.  In  many  cases  they  come  in  direct  competition 
with  the  machines  which  this  company  produces.  None  of  the  machines  which  stitch  together  the  pieces  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  shoe  are  produced^y  this  company,  and  necessarily  these  machines  must  constitute  a 
large  part  of  any  factory's  equipment.  The  direct  advantage  which  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  has 
is  that  it  can  furnish  all  the  machines  which  are  used  in  attaching  the  soles  and  heels  to  the  uppers,  in  what 
is  known  as  the  '  Bottoming  Room,'  and  I  believe  it  is  the  only  company  which  can  do  this." 

Company  Formed  to  Reduce  Production  Cost 

The  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  was  formed  in  1899  by  the  consolidation  of  but  three 
concerns.     The  principal  machines  which  each  made,  as  President  Winslow  points  out,  did  not 


Page  15 


Page  16 


The  Museum 


interfere  with  the  machines  made  by  any  other  of  the  three  companies.  The  situation  then  was 
that  the  Goodyear  Shoe  Machinery  Company  chiefly  made  machines  for  sewing  the  sole  to  the 
upper  in  welt  shoes  and  various  auxiliary  machines  which  helped  to  perfect  the  shoe ;  the  Consoli- 
dated and  McKay  Lasting  Machine  Company  made  machines  for  lasting  a  shoe,  an  entirely  dis- 
tinct operation ;  the  McKay  Shoe  Machinery  Company  made  machines  for  attaching  soles  and 
heels  by  metallic  fastenings  and  furnished  material  for  that  purpose.  The  object  of  the  consolida- 
tion was  not  to  destroy  competition.  The  purpose  was  to  reduce  the  cost  of  production  of  the 
machines,  to  improve  the  quality  of  service  furnished  without  increasing  the  cost  to  the  shoe  manu- 
facturer, and  to  give  to  each  manufacturer  who  might  wish  it  an  opportunity  to  get  from  a  single 
company  under  these  improved  conditions  such  of  these  machines  as  he  might  need  in  that  depart- 
ment of  the  factory  in  which  soles  and  heels  are  attached  to  uppers  —  the  machines  in  what  is 
known  as  the  "bottoming  room."  It  was  intended  to  give  to  shoe  manufacturers  a  convenience 
similar  to  that  which  a  great  department  store  affords  its  customers,  or  which  a  coal  dealer  offers 
to  those  who  may  prefer  to  buy  coal,  wood,  and  coke  in  a  single  establishment. 

"The  beneficial  results  of  the  consolidation  and  of  the  company's  methods,  both  to  the  shoe 
manufacturer  and  the  consumer,  have  been  manifest,"  says  President  Winslow.  "  By  leasing 
machines  to  all  manufacturers,  large  and  small,  on  the  same  terms,  the  company  enables  the 
small  manufacturer  to  have  a  credit  with  every  leather  dealer,  previously  entirely  unknown,  to 
establish  himself  in  business  and  continue  business  without  tying  up  a  large  and  perhaps  a  pro- 
hibitive amount  of  capital  in  his  machinery,  conscious  that  he  is  under  no  disadvantage  in  compet- 
ing with  the  large  manufacturer  who  perhaps  might  feel  better  able  to  tie  up  a  portion  of  his 
capital  in  costly  machinery,  subject  to  more  rapid  depreciation  than  the  machinery  employed  in 
any  other  large  industry.  Competition  in  the  shoe  manufacturing  industry  in  consequence  is  more 
free  than  in  any  other  extensive  industry." 

The  service  and  the  cost  of  the  service  the  company  renders  the  manufacturers  is  of  vital 
interest  to  us,  since,  in  the  end,  the  wearers  of  shoes  pay  the  price.  The  average  royalty  paid  by 
a  shoe  manufacturer  for  the  use  of  all  machines  furnished  by  the  company  in  the  manufacture  of 
all  types  and  grades  of  shoes  is  less  than  2^  cents  per  pair  of  shoes.  This,  says  President 
Winslow,  upon  whose  authority  the  above  statement  is  made,  includes  the  Goodyear  welt  shoe,  on 
which  the  highest  royalty  paid  on  the  most  expensive  shoe  is  less  than  5^  cents  per  pair. 

Goodyear  welt  shoes  constitute  less  than  one-third  of  the  total  annual  production  in  the  United 
States.      On  16^,000,000  pairs  of  shoes  out  of  the  total  annual  -production,    including   Goodyear 


% 


Page  17 


Page  18 


The  Hospital 


? 


turn  shoes,  McKay  shoes,  Standard  screw  and  loose-nailed  shoes,  the  amount  of  royalty  received 
%  will  average  less  than  lyi   cents  fer  fair,  and  this  is  all  the  company  receives  for  the  manufac- 

ture, installation,  and  use  of  the  machines,  for  its  care  and  service  in  keeping  the  machines  in  run- 
ning order,  and  for  instruction  of  operatives. 

We  ultimate  consumer  folks,  then,  are  given  the  service  of  the  millions  of  dollars  that  have 
%,  been  invested  in  the  invention,  development,  manufacturing,  and  marketing  of  shoe  manufacturing 

machinery  at  a  cost  of  2^  cents  per  pair.     One  is  almost  inclined  to  believe  that  there  are  few  of  us 
who  cannot  afford  to  pay  that  scandalous  price  with  something  on  our  faces  that  resembles  a  smile. 
We  have  now  discovered  what  service  we  get  from  this  company.       Let  us  peep  into  the 
affairs  of  the  factory  workers  and  discover  what  they  receive. 

Every  Device  for  Workers'  Comfort 

We  know  that  the  workers  receive  high  wages,  are  assured  permanency  of  employment, 
ideal  factory  conditions,  and  several  other  things.  But  we  haven't  done  justice  to  the  details  of  the 
ideal  factory  conditions.  We  have  spoken  of  the  size  of  the  plant,  of  its  seventy-five  per  cent  of 
wall  space  devoted  to  windows,  of  its  fresh-air  supply  and  its  foul-air  exhaust,  of  individual  electric 
lights  on  all  machines.     Let  us  catalogue  many  more. 

If  any  one  can  suggest  the  use  of  any  protective  device  that  will  reduce  the  number  of  accidents, 
the  company  will  adopt  it  without  hesitation. 

Once,  after  the  state  inspectors  had  approved  of  the  safety  devices  employed,  the  company 
appointed  a  special  committee,  consisting  of  representatives  from  each  department  of  the  factory, 
and  within  a  year  after  the  recommendations  of  this  committee  had  gone  into  effect  it  was  found 
that  the  number  of  accidents  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  employees  had  been  reduced  more 
than  seventy-three  per  cent.  And  when  there  is  an  accident,  though  it  is  only  the  getting  of  a  bit  of 
dust  into  the  eye  of  a  workman,  that  workman  is  compelled  by  the  rules  to  report  to  the  emergency 
hospital  within  the  plant.  If  the  accident  is  too  serious  to  be  attended  to  in  the  plant  hospital,  the 
patient  is  transferred  immediately  to  the  Beverly  hospital,  where  special  accommodations  are 
furnished  people  from  the  factory.  The  factory  hospital  lacks  none  of  the  hospital  essentials : 
even  an  X-ray  machine  is  there  ready  for  use. 

Every  workman  i?  provided  with  a  locker  in  a  light,  clean,  airy  room.  When  the  men  enter 
this  room  at  closing  time,  both  noon  and  night,  they  find  the  wash-basins  filled  with  water  ready 


Page  19 


Page  20 


Industrial  School  —  Section  I 


for  their  use.  Shower  baths  are  also  right  at  hand,  —  all  that  are  needed  to  supply  the  wants  of 
the  workers  without  unreasonable  delay.  Toilet-rooms  are  found  on  every  floor.  Special  work- 
men are  employed  to  keep  these  rooms  absolutely  clean  and  everything  in  them  fit  for  the  service 
of  the  workers. 

The  Mechanics  and  Inventors  of  To-morrow 

The  educational  institution  of  the  future,  if  one  be  permitted  to  indulge  in  prophecy,  will  be 
a  combination  of  the  present-day  industrial  plant  and  the  present-day  school,  with  improvements 
on  both.  The  school  that  doesn't  fit  its  pupils  to  earn  a  living  is  a  failure.  No  person  is  a  truly 
educated  person  who  is  unable  to  pay  his  own  way  through.  The  youngsters  at  Beverly  who  wish 
to  become  mechanics  and  inventors  have  an  optimistic  future.  At  present  two  groups,  each  con- 
taining thirty-five  boys,  alternate  between  the  factory  and  the  Beverly  High  School,  one  week  at  a 
time  in  each  place.  In  school  they  are  given  the  regular  school  training  plus  a  knowledge  of  the 
principles  of  mechanics  which  is  used  in  the  week  of  shop  work. 

These  boys  are  paid  one-half  the  price  paid  to  men  performing  the  same  work,  the  other  half 
going  toward  the  expenses  of  the  school.  Even  with  half  the  regular  price  going  to  the  school, 
the  company  is  compelled  to  make  up  a  deficit  each  year.  This  it  is  very  willing  to  do,  because  it 
is  training  its  own  employees  according  to  its  own  methods  for  its  special  work,  fitting  them  to  be 
specialists  and  preparing  them  for  the  receiving  of  wages  which  are  paid  trained  men.  They  are 
really  working  their  own  way  through  college.  They  are  under  factory  discipline,  work  factory 
hours,  learn  to  work  as  men  among  men,  taste  the  joy  of  earning  their  own  way,  and  have  positions 
open  to  them  as  soon  as  their  school-days  are  over. 

These  pupils  are  given  work  on  different  machines,  and  are  allowed  to  specialize  on  machines 
for  which  special  aptitude  is  shown.  They  learn  mechanical  drawing,  machine  designing,  shop 
mathematics,  electricity  as  applied  to  machinery,  chemistry  of  materials  and  their  manipulation, 
business  and  social  forms  and  practices,  personal,  social,  and  civic  duties,  —  to  sum  up,  they  are 
given  a  practical  training  in  all  those  things  that  will  fit  them  for  useful  citizenship.  Development 
comes  as  the  result  of  nutritious  food  and  proper  exercise.  No  matter  how  much  nutritious  food 
one  may  eat,  one's  arm  will  not  be  developed  without  special  exercise.  No  matter  how  nutritious 
the  mental  food  given,  it  will  result  in  development  only  when  the  mind  is  used.  These  young 
men  are  being  given  true  education,  —  education  that  results  in  their  development  physically, 
mentally,  and  spiritually. 


Page  21 


Page  22 


Industrial  School  —  Section  II 


i 


That  which  men  need  for  educational  growth  may  be  found  in  three  fields,- — Work,  People, 
and  Books.  These  boys  are  given  book  knowledge,  which  they  use  in  their  work  among  men. 
Practical  workmen  set  their  standards.  They  have  the  benefit  of  talking  with  men  who  have, 
through  years  of  actual  working,  become  efficient  in  their  special  lines.  What  they  learn,  either 
from  books,  periodicals,  or  men,  they  may  apply  in  their  own  work.  But  they  are  saved  from 
wasting  time  in  experiments  by  the  presence  of  a  director  who  knows  the  most  efficient  way. 

Wisconsin  State  Commission  Endorses  Industrial  School 

This  school  system  has  been  the  subject  of  a  special  study  by  the  commission  created  by  the 
Legislature  of  Wisconsin,  who  were  instructed  to  investigate  all  of  the  successful  industrial  and 
agricultural  school  methods  in  this  country  and  abroad,  preparatory  to  applying  the  methods 
throughout  Wisconsin.  The  commission  consists  of  the  president  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin, 
the  director  of  the  extension  division  of  the  University,  tlie  librarian  of  the  legislative  reference 
department,  and  the  superintendent  of  the  Milwaukee  public  schools.  The  following  is  the  result 
of  their  investigation  at  Beverly  : 

"  In  the  Beverly  school  scheme  the  factory  has  a  workshop,  fitted  up  for  twenty-five  boys.  One  week 
twenty-five  boys  work  and  the  rest  go  to  the  high  school,  and  then  another  division  takes  its  place.  The  com- 
pany hires  competent  instructors  in  the  factory  and  the  city  binds  itself  to  provide  instruction  in  shop  meth- 
ods, English,  mathematics,  drawing,  chemistry,  and  other  studies.  These  studies  are  so  arranged  that  they 
dovetail  into  the  actual  work  of  the  factory.  The  company  takes  in  boys  from  14  to  18  who  have  passed  the 
6th  grade.  The  remarkable  point  and  the  safe  point,  both  from  the  standpoint  of  capital  and  labor  and  also 
from  the  .standpoint  of  true  industrial  education,  is  that  the  arrangement  is  controlled  entirely  by  a  committee 
composed  of  five  members  of  the  school  board,  and  one  or  more  citizens  of  Beverly  appointed  by  the  mayor. 
Every  factory  has  a  representative  appointed  by  the  mayor  upon  nomination  of  the  proprietors  of  the  factory. 
As  an  additional  safeguard,  the  whole  is  under  the  control  of  the  Massachusetts  commission  on  education,  and 
state  aid  is  given  the  city  of  Beverly  to  carry  on  the  work.  This  seems  a  good  combination,  but  tmlcss  the 
factory  is  as  large  as  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  at  Beverly,  the  shop  instruction  will  not  be  ade- 
quate. It  is  not  often  that  firms  are  found  who  will  see  matters  in  as  broad  a  way  as  the  United  Shoe  Machin- 
ery Company  of  Beverly. 

"  There  are  few  places  indeed  in  Wiscon.sin  where  such  co-operation  could  be  carried  out.  If  successfully 
carried  out  it  would  provide  a  means  for  making  the  high  school  a  real  factor  in  the  life  of  every  community." 

The  Welfare  of  Women  W^orkers 

Special  attention  is  paid  to  the  women  workers.  Many  of  them  are  wives,  sisters,  or  daugh- 
ters of  the  men  workers.     To  protect  them  in  every  possible  way,  their  work  is  so  arranged  that 


Page  23 


Page  24 


Country  Club 


they  are  obliged  to  be  thrown  with  the  men  but  little,  their  directors,  whenever  possible,  being 
women.  They  also  begin  their  work  ten  minutes  later  than  the  men,  and  leave  ten  minutes  earlier. 
Both  factory  and  office  girls  share  together  the  special  rest  and  recreation  rooms  provided  for  the 
female  workers,  of  which  there  are  nearly  two  hundred,  about  equally  divided  between  shop  and 
office.  A  matron  has  charge  of  their  rest-room.  In  it  they  have  a  piano,  reading  matter,  com- 
fortable chairs  and  couches.  Right  at  hand  is  a  room  containing  individual  lockers,  and  across 
the  hall  are  the  bath-rooms,  with  hot  and  cold  water  and  other  necessaries.  One  salutary  rule  the 
company  enforces  rigidly  is  that  which  commands  the  women  to  leave  their  work-rooms  during  the 
mid-day  lunch  hour.  They  may  go  to  their  homes,  if  not  too  far,  to  the  plant's  dining-room,  espe- 
cially prepared  for  them,  where  they  have  separate  small  tables,  or  to  the  rest-room.  This  bit  of 
enforced  relaxation  rests  them,  and  does  much  to  prevent  nervous  breakdown. 

The  great  restaurant  is  a  delight.  The  food  served  here  is  as  wholesome  and  nutritious  as 
modern  science  can  make  it.  The  vegetables  are  grown  in  the  company's  own  gardens.  Other 
foodstuffs  are  purchased  in  wholesale  quantities,  and  brought  direct  to  the  factory  in  freight  cars. 
The  prices  are  so  low  that  a  workman  can  scarcely  afford  to  bring  his  meals  from  his  home.  In 
addition  to  the  nourishing  food,  the  efficient  service,  the  cleanliness  of  everything,  the  restaurant  is 
of  value  because  it  brings  the  workers  together  for  social  talks  and  mental  relaxation.  I  cannot 
remember  to  have  eaten  a  more  delightful  meal  in  my  wanderings  than  the  luncheon  served  in  the 
company's  dining-room. 

A  Clubhouse  for  Employees 

After  you  had  finished  visiting  the  plant,  and  had  looked  at  your  watch  preparatory  to  asking 
when  the  next  Boston  train  left,  some  one  would  probably  ask  you,  "  Why  not  walk  over  to  the 
club?"  Being  a  guest,  and  wishing  to  allow  your  host  the  privilege  of  entertaining  you  in  his  own 
way,  you  would  agree,  thinking  all  the  time  that  you  were  to  be  ushered  into  some  select  place 
devoted  to  the  sacred  pleasures  of  the  high  and  mighty.  And  then,  when  you  approached  the 
building  and  saw  an  outside  that  seemed  brazenly  to  advertise  luxury  within,  you  wondered  at  the 
boldness  of  these  high  officials  in  flaunting  such  a  luxurious  club  in  the  very  faces  of  their  work- 
ingmen. 

"  This  club  belongs  to  all  the  workers,"  you  would  hear  your  host  saying  in  a  sort  of  off- 
hand manner.     "  It  was  given  to  us  by  the  company  and  turned  over  to  us  December  30,  1910. 


Page  25 


Page  26 


EMPLOYEES  OF  THE  UNITED  SHOE  MACHINERY 


DMPANY  AT  THE  FACTORY.  BEVERLY,  MASS. 


Page  27 


Page  28 


Reading  Room  in  Clubhouse 


The  cost  was  something  over  $35,000.  It  is  managed  by  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Athletic 
Association,  composed  of  about  two  thousand  members,  each  member  paying  $1.00  a  year  in  dues." 
Think  of  that !  Think  of  having  a  clubhouse  with  its  equipment  worth  $40,000  or  more,  at  a 
cost  of  $1.00  a  year !  Here  are  bowling-alleys,  billiard  and  pool  tables,  a  huge  reading-room 
cheered  with  a  fireplace  and  the  latest  magazines,  a  dining-room  where  food  is  served  almost  at 
cost,  a  special  department  devoted  exclusively  to  the  use  of  the  women  (although  they  share  the 
rest  of  the  club  with  the  men),  a  dance  hall,  a  perfectly  appointed  theater  with  scenery,  and  all  the 
rest  of  it,  —  and  all  for  $1.00  a  year  !  Of  course  there  are  bath-rooms  and  all  the  accessories  in 
addition.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  English  delegates  to  the  Boston  convention  of  the  Associated 
Advertising  Clubs  of  America,  after  visiting  the  Beverly  plant,  wrote  this  in  the  guest  book : 

"We  English  delegates  to  the  seventh  annual  convention  of  the  Associated  Advertising  Clubs  of 
America  pay  a  hearty  tribute  to  the  spirit  of  enterprise  evidenced  in  the  magnificent  works  of  the  United  Shoe 
Machinery  Company,  which  we  have  had  the  pleasure  of  inspecting." 

Three  hundred  acres,  I  said,  had  been  purchased  for  the  use  of  the  company.  This  is  how 
part  of  it  is  used :  Immediately  in  front  of  the  clubhouse  are  the  athletic  fields.  Here  baseball, 
football,  cricket,  field  sports,  track  sports,  everything  that  the  athlete  desires,  may  be  played.  At 
the  side  of  the  house  are  the  tennis  courts,  while  within  walking  distance  is  one  of  the  finest  shoot- 
ing ranges  in  the  State.  Shot-guns,  rifles,  revolvers  of  all  shapes,  sizes,  and  families  may  be  used 
here.  Last  fall  ten  thousand  persons  assembled  for  the  Annual  Field  Day  festivities,  watched  the 
sports,  heard  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Band  play  (of  course  they  have  a  band),  viewed  the 
exhibits  of  vegetables  raised  on  the  land  of  the  company  and  in  the  gardens  of  the  employees,  ran 
races,  won  prizes,  laughed,  sang,  took  in  the  shows,  patronized  the  fakir  booths  (local  fakir 
talent),  danced,  had  their  pictures  taken,  —  say,  that  day  was  so  successful  that  the  Beverly  folks 
are  sometimes  inclined  to  date  things  from  it. 

Beverly  is  on  the  seashore  and  the  motor-boat  enthusiasts  have  organized  a  club,  erected  a 
clubhouse,  purchased  a  fleet  of  launches  and  sailing  craft,  and  look  with  pity  upon  the  land-lub- 
bers who  waste  their  time  playing  hot  games  in  the  sun  instead  of  sailing  out  into  the  ocean  where 
the  cool  breezes  live  all  the  time.  This  club  is  made  up  of  eighty  members  and  boasts  of  fifty  boats 
of  all  styles  and  sizes.  Regattas  are  held  on  holidays  and  the  rivalry  between  owners  is  keen.  The 
commodore  is  confident  that  the  present  club  is  but  a  seed  from  which  a  big  club  will  grow.  The 
desire  to  excel,  to  develop  the  small  into  the  great,  to  improve  the  good  and  substitute  the  best,  is 
ever   present  where  these  contented  workers  congregate.     The  athletic  association  is  even  now 


1 


Page  29 


Page  30 


Interior  Views  of  Clubhouse 


talking  about  raising  a  dam  near  the  factory,  thus  backing  the  water  into  a  ravine  near  the  club 
and  providing  an  ideal  canoeing  and  boating  place. 

Each  of  these  athletic  divisions  has  its  own  governing  board,  subject  only  to  the  governing 
board  of  the  house.  This  board  consists  of  workers  with  one  otlicial  representative  from  the 
management.  Membership,  however,  is  by  no  means  limited  to  the  factory  workers.  Outsiders 
may  join  on  the  same  terms  as  employees,  but  to  prevent  them  from  influencing  the  policy  of  the 
organization  at  least  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  local  membership  must  be  factory  folk. 

It  is  certain  that  these  workers,  even  those  who  draw  the  lowest  wages,  have  social  betterments 
provided  for  their  enjoyment  that  the  majority  of  more  highly  paid  city  folks  cannot  have.  And 
yet,  as  every  official  and  every  employee  will  say,  all  these  things  are  not  given  in  place  of  wages, 
but  in  addition  to  them.  They  call  it  intelligent  industrial  co-operation.  They  all  insist  that  it  is 
good  business,  that  it  pays  profits  in  real  money,  in  better  satisfied  employees,  in  more  efficient 
work,  and  that  what  is  being  done  in  Beverly  to-day  will  be  done  by  all  wise  employers  the  country 
over  when  they  awaken  to  the  fact  that,  viewed  from  the  most  selfish  standpoint,  it  pays  the  fellows 
whose  sole  interest  in  life  is  expressed  in  the  cry,  "  Give  us  dividends  ! " 

The  Company  Provides  Gardens  and  Aids  in  Home  Building 

With  three  hundred  acres  surrounding  the  factory  there  is  more  land  than  is  needed  for  the 
actual  needs  of  the  business  and  for  the  country  club.  In  keeping  with  the  efficiency  policy  of 
the  managers,  much  of  this  land  has  been  put  into  service  by  offering  a  garden  plot,  free  of  rent, 
to  all  employees.  The  company  furnishes  to  each  gardener  the  expert  advice  of  a  trained  agricul- 
turist, plows  the  land,  supplies  fertilizers,  and  assists  in  other  ways,  the  cost  for  the  service  being 
nominal.  Nothing  but  the  land  is  given  free,  the  company  desiring  each  worker  to  feel  that  he  is 
paying  his  own  way  through,  and  is  not  compelled  to  receive  even  advice  as  a  free  gift. 

Not  far  from  the  factory  and  the  clubhouse  are  many  beautiful  homes  of  factory  employees. 
An  arrangement  has  existed  between  the  company  and  its  workers  which  permits  the  latter  to  gain 
possession  of  his  own  home  with  the  least  possible  financial  strain.  Without  going  into  the  real 
estate  business  the  company  has  always  stood  ready  to  facilitate  this  plan.  The  homes  are  built 
along  distinctive  architectural  lines  by  a  real  estate  company  and  turned  over  to  the  worker  on  a 
reasonable  basis.  The  employee  is  assured  that  the  retention  of  his  home  will  not  be  questioned  or 
affected  in  any  way  should  he  leave  the  company's  employ. 


I 


Page  31 


Page  32 


The  Athletic  Field 


Benefit  Association  and  Savings  Bank  Insurance 

In  afldition  to  all  these  things  for  days  of  health,  the  employees  have  a  mutual  relief  association 
so  well  established  that  in  the  first  five  years  of  its  existence  it  paid  in  sick  and  accident  benefits 
$32,499.69.  The  fees  are  nominal,  and  are  graduated  according  to  the  earning  capacity  of  the 
members.  Each  member  of  the  association  is  given  substantial  assistance  when  sick  or  injured. 
The  salary  of  the  secretary  is  paid  by  the  company.  For  each  death  $200  is  paid.  Every 
officer,  including  the  board  of  directors,  is  a  worker  in  the  plant. 

The  thrift  of  these  workers  at  Beverly  is  manifested  in  savings-bank  deposits.  Living  in 
the  country,  untempted  by  the  colorful  joys  of  the  big  city,  encouraged  to  build  and  pay  for  their 
own  homes  and  have  a  bit  of  ground  to  cultivate  for  their  own,  these  workers  do  not  fritter  away 
their  funds.  Of  the  2,521  savings-bank  insurance  policies  in  force  in  Massachusetts,  402,  or  one- 
sixth,  are  held  by  workers  in  this  plant.  The  limit  allowed  each  policy  under  this  form  is  $500. 
The  workers  in  this  plant  hold  an  aggregate  of  $201,000.  Figure  out  the  average  for  yourself. 
The  faith  the  workers  have  in  the  judgment  of  the  company  officials,  the  trust  that  exists  between 
them,  are  manifested  in  these  savings.  It  was  on  the  recommendation  of  the  officials  that  the 
workers  adopted  this  form  of  saving  —  almost  the  first  in  the  United  States  to  inaugurate  this  form 
of  benefit. 

The  man  who  has  money  saved  is  the  man  who  is  likely  to  be  most  efficient  in  his  work. 
When  the  saving  habit  is  once  formed  the  habits  of  steadiness,  reliability,  sobriety,  and  kindred 
habits  follow  as  a  matter  of  course.  The  Massachusetts  Savings  Insurance  League  has  done  its 
share  in  making  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  workers  the  most  reliable  and  most  efficient  in  the 
country.  It  has  brought  them  into  direct  contact  with  the  savings  banks,  and  many  of  them  have 
already  adopted  the  plan  of  applying  the  dividends  on  their  savings-bank  insurance  policies  to  the 
opening  of  a  deposit  account  in  the  savings  bank  —  thus  combining  the  two  forms  of  saving. 

The  company  makes  it  easy  for  its  workers  to  save  through  the  use  of  an  order  on  the  pay 
roll  which  authorizes  the  company  to  deduct  a  certain  sum  from  the  worker's  wages  and  pay  the 
sum  so  deducted  into  the  savings  bank  as  a  monthly  premium  on  the  insurance  policy.  So  per- 
sistent have  the  policy  holders  been  under  this  system  that  the  lapse  rate  has  been  only  twelve  per 
cent. 


1 


Page  33 


Page  34 


The  Foundry 


Horace  D.  Arnold's  Tribute 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  well  for  us  to  learn  what  the  officials  of  the  Savings  Bank  Insur- 
ance League  think  of  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  and  of  its  treatment  of  its  employees. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  workers  in  March,  191 2,  Dr.  Horace  D.  Arnold,  state  medical  director  of  the 
League,  said :  "  I  HAVE  FOUND  HERE  THE  BEST  INDUSTRIAL  CONDITIONS  THAT 
I  HAVE  EVER  SEEN  ANYWHERE  FOR  PEOPLE  IN  A  MANUFACTURING  PLANT. 
I  want  to  congratulate  you  on  the  conditions  under  which  you  work  ;  also  to  congratulate  you  on 
what  your  employers  are  doing  for  you.  If  we  had  the  same  spirit  throughout  the  state  in  all  of 
the  employments,  we  should  hear  very  much  less  of  the  disturbances  which  exist  in  the  industrial 
community  to-day." 

Company  Employees  Good  Insurance  Risks 

Later,  in  a  letter  to  Miss  Alice  Harriet  Grady,  financial  secretary  of  the  League,  Dr.  Arnold 
spoke  of  the  problems  of  the  medical  department  and  of  the  question  of  the  occupation  of  the  appli- 
cant. "  A  study  of  life  insurance  statistics,"  he  wrote,  "  shows  that  the  occupation  is  an  important 
factor  in  affecting  the  mortality  rate.  This  arises  because  some  of  the  trades  are  more  or  less 
injurious  to  health  from  the  nature  of  the  occupation,  and  also  because  the  hygienic  conditions 
under  which  many  operatives  work  are  far  from  satisfactory.  The  actual  objection  on  these 
grounds  will  vary  with  the  conditions  in  individual  places,  but  in  making  rules  on  the  subject  we 
have  to  be  guided  by  the  average  condition  of  operatives  in  a  given  trade." 

Referring  to  his  talk  to  the  operatives  in  the  Beverly  plant,  he  said  that  he  had  told  the 
workers  that  he  "  regretted  that  it  was  not  possible  to  give  better  rating  to  operatives,  like  those  at 
the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company,  where  the  conditions  were  so  much  better  than  the  average 
for  persons  in  a  given  occupation." 

"The  trouble  lies,"  he  continues,  "  in  the  fact  that  the  person  has  an  uncertain  tenure  of  his 
place  and,  hence,  of  favorable  conditions,  whereas  we  must  insure  for  life  or  for  a  long  term  of 
years,  no  matter  where  he  may  work  in  the  future.  We  cannot  be  sure  but  that  in  the  pursuit  of 
his  trade,  if  he  were  to  lose  his  work  at  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company,  he  might  go  to  a 
place  where  the  conditions  are  much  worse.  This  explained  our  objection  to  certain  occupations, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  conditions  there  (in  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company's  plant 
at  Beverly)  are  so  far  above  the  average. 

"  The  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company,"  he  concludes,  "  has  done  a  great  deal  to  reduce  to 


Page  35 


Page  36 


One  of  the  Machine  Shops 


i 


a  minimum  the  objectionable  features  of  the  occupations  of  its  employees.  The  liberal  amount  of 
light  and  air,  the  good  ventilation  and  excellent  hygienic  arrangements,  and  the  great  attention  to 
cleanliness  are  important  factors.  Then  the  general  use  of  efficient  blowers  to  remove  the  metallic 
dust  makes  practically  unobjectionable  some  of  the  occupations  that  are  ordinarily  dangerous  to 
health.  I  was  struck  by  the  excellence  of  those  arrangements,  and  found  at  this  plant  the  best 
conditions  I  have  found  anywhere  in  a  manufacturing  plant." 

I  An  Ideal  Aim  Achieved 

We  are  now  approaching  the  end  of  this  story  about  The  Three  Partners.  An  individual  or 
an  institution,  we  agreed,  in  order  to  exist  was  compelled  to  obey  two  fundamental  laws  —  Self- 
preservation  and  Self-perpetuation.  This  company  has  done  that.  It  has  manufactured  and  sold 
its  product  at  a  profit.  It  continues  to  manufacture  and  sell  its  product  at  a  profit.  It  has  achieved 
its  ideal  aim.  It  has  brought  about  the  harmonious  co-operation  of  the  two  partners.  Capital  and 
Labor,  and  has  through  this  co-operation  rendered  efficient  and  satisfactory  Service  to  the  public. 
Its  plant  is  a  social  center.  The  wages  paid  its  workers  provide  for  all  the  necessaries  of  life  and 
more.     In  social  service  it  is  ahead  of  its  time. 

I  do  not  accuse  it  of  being  a  perfect  institution.  It  is  still  growing  —  still  in  the  process  of 
evolution.  It  is  the  product  of  its  time.  Like  wise  generals,  its  officials  will  change  its  policies 
and  add  to  its  betterments,  so  that  the  public  of  To-morrow  will  also  call  it  a  product  of  that  time  — 
the  fittest  instrument  of  its  kind  for  the  doing  of  the  work  an  enlightened  society  demands  of  it. 
Being  business-builders  and  not  simply  business-getters,  its  management  is  seeking  for  ideas,  for 
suggestions  that  will  strengthen  it  in  service-rendering  power.  As  they  now  call  in  and  toss  onto 
the  scrap  heap  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  out-of-date  machinery  and  substitute 
machinery  that  is  more  efficient,  so  are  they  ready  and  willing  to  toss  into  the  scrap  heap  policies 
and  business  principles  now  employed  whenever  tried  and  tested  substitutes  intended  to  make  the 
institution  more  lit  to  serve  shall  have  discovered  themselves. 

The  strength  of  any  institution  is  the  strength  of  its  ideas  manifested  in  service  to  society. 
Strengthened  within  by  satisfied  workers,  held  together  by  efficient  manufacturing  and  selling 
methods,  strengthened  from  without  by  the  combined  strength  of  uniformly  treated  and  satisfied 
patrons,  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  stands  forth  as  a  master  social  servant,  officered  by 
men  who  know  that  its  fitness  to  survive  and  grow  depends  on  but  one  thing  —  its  continued  fitness 
to  serve. 


Page  37 


Page  38 


Finished  Stock  Room 


5- 


What  United  Shoe  Machinery  Does 

President  Sidney  W.  Winslow's  Statement  to  the  Public 

I  feel  that  the  public  should  be  made  acquainted  with  the  following  facts : 

1.  The  item  of  machinery  is  the  only  item  of  cost  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes  which  is  lower 
to-day  than  in  1899,  when  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  was  formed. 

2.  The  company  has  lowered  many  of  its  charges  and  has  never  increased  royalty  charges 
or  charges  for  materials  furnished  manufacturers.  The  initial  cost  of  the  machinery  equipment 
of  a  shoe  factory  is  lower  to-day  than  ever  before. 

3.  The  average  royalty  paid  by  a  shoe  manufacturer  for  the  use  of  all  machines  furnished 
by  the  company  in  the  manufacture  of  all  types  and  grades  of  shoes  is  less  than  2'Vi  cents  per  pair 
of  shoes.  This  includes  the  Goodyear  welt  shoe,  on  which  the  highest  royalty  paid  on  the  most 
expensive  shoe  is  less  than  5^  cents  per  pair. 

4.  Goodyear  welt  shoes  constitute  less  than  one-third  of  the  total  annual  production  of  the 
United  States.  On  164,000,000  pairs  of  shoes  out  of  the  total  annual  production,  including  Good- 
year turn  shoes,   McKay  shoes.   Standard  screw  and   loose-nailed  shoes,  the  amount  of   royalty 

\  received  will  average  less  than   i^   cents  per  pair,  and  this  is  all  the  company  receives  for  the 

manufacture,  installation,  use,  care  and  service  in  keeping  the  machines  in  running  order,  and  for 
instruction  of  operatives. 

5.  The  company  now  makes  over  300  different  machines,  some  of  which  are  leased  to 
manufacturers,  many  of  which  are  sold  outright,  and  most  of  which  can  be  either  leased  or  pur- 
chased as  the  shoe  manufacturer  may  prefer. 

6.  The  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  has  many  millions  invested  in  machines  in  shoe 
factories,  and  its  returns  on  this  investment  are  not  as  large,  proportionately,  as  the  returns  received 
by  the  successful  shoe  manufacturers  on  their  investment. 

7.  Of  the  7,106  individual  holders  of  the  stock  of  the  corporation,  4,325  are  residents  of 
Massachusetts  and  more  than  half  the  stockholders  are  women. 

8.  The  operators  on  the  company's  machines  in  shoe  factories  are  much  more  regularly 
employed  and  receive  higlier  wages  than  under  the  conditions  existing  prior  to  the  formation  of 
the  company. 

9.  The  wages  paid   at  our   Beverly  factory  average  higher  than  those  paid  in  any  other 


Page  39 


factory  of  equal  size  in  Massachusetts.  According  to  the  official  report  by  the  Massachusetts 
State  Bureau  of  Statistics,  the  city  of  Beverly  held  first  place  in  Massachusetts  in  1908  with  an 
average  annual  wage  of  $640.17.  The  average  of  the  Beverly  factory  exceeds  that  of  the  city. 
The  weekly  wage  in  1910  averaged  $i5-75. 

10.  The  provisions  for  the  comfort,  safety,  health,  and  happiness  of  the  employees  at  the 
Beverly  factory  are  not  excelled,  and  perhaps  not  equaled,  at  any  other  factor}^  in  the  world.  The 
secretary  of  the  employers'  welfare  department  of  the  National  Civic  Federation,  in  a  letter  written 
June  2,  191 1,  says  of  this  feature  of  the  management  of  the  Beverly  factor}' : 

'*  Since  our  method  of  inducing  employers  to  better  the  conditions  of  their  employees  is  that 
of  proving  tlie  value  of  welfare  work,  by  quoting  splendid  examples,  we  shall  find  it  particularly 
valuable  to  point  to  the  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  for  emulation." 

11.  The  company's  business  has  always  been  carried  on  frankly  and  aboveboard.  Our 
method  of  doing  business  has  been  familiar  to  all  shoe  manufacturers,  who  are  our  only  customers, 
and  from  the  beginning  it  has  met  with  their  general  approval.  The  nature  of  our  leases  has  been 
a  matter  of  public  knowledge  for  years.  The  leases  have  been  printed  in  the  public  press  over 
and  over  again.  The  well-known  fact  that  the  public  are  not  familiar  with  the  technical  details 
has  given  certain  critics  of  the  company  an  opportunity  to  misrepresent  the  real  facts. 

We  have  given  the  department  of  justice  every  facility  for  conducting  its  investigation. 
Mr.  Gregg,  representing  the  department,  had  a  desk  in  our  office  for  weeks,  and  we  freely  turned 
over  to  him  all  our  records  and  all  documents  relating  to  our  business  which  he  asked  for.  The 
company  has  been  advised  from  the  day  of  its  organization  by  able  and  high-minded  counsel,  who 
have  been  thoroughly  familiar  with  every  page  of  its  history,  and  in  whose  judgment  its  course 
has  not  in  any  way  been  opposed  to  the  letter  or  the  spirit  of  the  law.  We  have  never  believed 
that  we  were  doing  business  in  violation  of  the  law,  and  the  action  of  the  grand  jury  has  not 
changed  our  opinion  on  that  point. 

12.  The  three  companies  doing  business  in  1899,  by  the  consolidation  of  which  the  United 
Shoe  Machinery  Company  was  formed,  were  not  competing  companies.  The  principal  machines 
which  each  made  did  not  interfere  with  the  machines  made  by  any  other  of  the  three  companies. 
The  Goodyear  Shoe  Machinery  Company  chiefly  made  machines  for  sewing  the  sole  to  the  upper 
in  welt  shoes  and  various  auxiliary  machines  which  helped  to  perfect  the  shoe ;  the  Consolidated 
and  McKay  Lasting  Machine  Company  made  machines  for  lasting  a  shoe,  an  entirely  distinct 
operation ;  the  McKay  Shoe  Machinery  Company  made  machines  for  attaching  soles  and  heels 


Page  40 


by  metallic  fastenings  and  furnished  material  for  that  purpose.  The  object  of  the  consolidation 
was  not  to  destroy  competition.  The  purpose  was  to  reduce  the  cost  of  production  of  the  machines, 
to  improve  the  quality  of  service  furnished  without  increasing  the  cost  to  the  shoe  manufacturer, 
and  to  give  to  each  manufacturer  who  might  wish  it  an  opportunity  to  get  from  a  single  company, 
under  these  improved  conditions,  such  of  these  machines  as  he  might  need  in  that  department  of 
the  factory  in  which  soles  and  heels  are  attached  to  uppers  —  the  maciiines  in  what  is  known  as 
the  "bottoming  room."  It  was  intended  to  give  to  shoe  manufacturers  a  convenience  similar  to 
that  which  a  great  department  store  affords  its  customers,  or  which  a  coal  dealer  offers  to  those 
who  may  prefer  to  buy  coal,  wood,  and  coke  in  a  single  establishment. 

13.  The  beneficial  results  of  the  consolidation  and  of  the  company's  methods,  both  to  the 
shoe  manufacturer  and  the  consumer,  have  been  manifest.  By  leasing  machines  to  all  manufac- 
turers, large  and  small,  on  the  same  terms,  the  company  enables  the  small  manufacturer  to  have  a 
credit  with  every  leather  dealer,  previously  entirely  unknown,  to  establish  himself  in  business  and 
continue  business  without  tying  up  a  large  and  perhaps  a  prohibitive  amount  of  capital  in  his 
machinery,  conscious  that  he  is  under  no  disadvantage  in  competing  with  the  large  manufacturer 
who  perhaps  might  feel  better  able  to  tie  up  a  portion  of  his  capital  in  costly  machinery,  subject  to 
more  rapid  depreciation  than  the  machinery  employed  in  any  other  large  industry.  Competition 
in  the  shoe  manufacturing  industry  in  consequence  is  more  free  than  in  any  other  extensive  indus- 
try.    There  are  over  1,200  individual  concerns  in  the  United  States. 

14.  Under  the  royalty  system,  a  shoe  manufacturer  can  start  in  business  with  a  modest  cap- 
ital, and  although  shoes  are  made  on  a  close  margin  of  profit,  the  capital,  being  in  liquid  form,  can 
be  turned  several  times  a  year,  thus  giving  the  manufacturer  a  substantial  profit  on  the  total  volume 
of  business,  while  giving  the  consumer  the  benefit  of  the  narrow  margin  of  profit  on  each  pair  of 
shoes.  There  is  no  other  large  industry  of  which  this  is  true.  The  manufacturer  of  textiles, 
before  beginning  business,  is  compelled  to  install  a  complete  equipment  of  machinery  at  a  cost 
which  is  prohibitive,  except  to  concerns  of  large  capitalization.  The  industry  must,  therefore,  be 
concentrated  in  a  comparatively  few  concerns,  while  any  shoe  manufacturer  can  start  business  with 
a  nominal  investment  of  capital  for  machinery.  In  proportion  to  the  amount  of  capital  invested, 
the  value  of  the  product  exceeds  that  of  any  other  industry. 

The  watchword  of  the  company  has  been  etliciency  — efficiency  in  the  manufacture  of  machin- 
ery, efficiency  in  inventing  and  improving  machinery,  efficiency  in  keeping  that  machinery  in  the 
best  possible  operating  condition. 


Page  41 


It  is  and  has  long  been  the  policy  of  the  company  to  maintain  at  its  own  expense  a  large  force 
of  skilled  mechanics,  whose  business  and  duty  it  is  to  attend  and  keep  in  perfect  repair  all 
machines  leased  to  manufacturers  of  shoes. 

The  shoe  manufacturer  cannot  practically  give  his  attention  to  the  manufacture  or  repair  of 
machines.  He  must  center  his  efforts,  skill,  and  energy  on  making  shoes.  For  him  this  company 
furnishes,  keeps  in  repair,  and  improves  all  its  machinery  leased  for  making  shoes. 

It  gives  practically  without  charge  all  the  benefits  of  research,  study,  and  invention  in  the  art 
of  shoe  machinery. 

And  for  this  service  it  receives  on  the  average  less  than  2^  cents  per  pair  of  shoes.  For 
two-thirds  of  all  shoes  manufactured  in  the  United  States,  if  all  its  machines  were  used  in  their 
manufacture,  it  would  receive  less  than  lyi  cents  per  pair. 

The  company  has  pursued  this  course  because  it  was  good  business  policy ;  but  we  beheve  that 
the  company,  as  at  present  organized,  has  been  an  unqualified  benefit  to  the  shoe  manufacturers  of 
Massachusetts  and  the  United  States,  and  to  the  operatives  in  shoe  factories,  while  the  public  has 
been  the  greatest  beneficiary  of  all. 

Boston,  September  20,  1911. 


Letter  from  Ex-Governor  William  L.  Douglas,  President  of  the  W.  L.  Douglas 

Shoe  Company 

At  the  hearings  in  Washington  last  spring  on  the  Thayer  bills  before  the  House  Committee 
w  T  ^  Judiciary  the  following  letter  from  Ex-Governor  William  L.  Douglas,  president  of  the 
W.  L.  Douglas  Shoe  Company,  was  read  to  the  committee  by  Congressman  Robert  O.  Harris  of 
Massachusetts,  who  represents  the  largest  shoe  manufacturing  district  in  the  United  States  : 

CONGRESSJIAN  Robert  O.  Harris,  Brockton,  Mass.,  Feb.  17,  1912. 

House  of  Representatives,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Bear  Sir:  Two  bills  have  been  introduced  in  the  House  of  Representatives  by  Congressman  Thayer  of 
Worcester,  m  which  the  shoe  manufacturers  of  Massachusetts  are  especiallv  interested 

The  object  of  these  bills  is  to  prevent  the  leasing  of  shoe  machinery  on  the  terms  which  shoe  manufac- 
turers have  been  accustomed  to  for  a  great  many  years,  and  to  establish  conditions  under  which  the  entire 
industry  would  be  confronted  with  new  and  uncertain  problems. 


Page  42 


As  one  who  has  been  engaged  in  the  business  for  many  years,  I  should  regret  exceedingly  to  see  legisla- 
tive interference  between  my  company  and  any  other  company  with  which  we  have  enjoyed,  in  the  main, 
mutually  satisfactory  relations.  In  matters  of  difference  in  regard  to  business  policy  it  is  always  better  that 
results  should  be  arrived  at  by  mutual  conference  and  agreement  between  the  parties  concerned. 

In  this  particular  instance  it  would  be  especially  unfortunate  if  Congress  should  undertake  to  pass  legislation 
which  would  revolutionize  existing  conditions,  and  the  Thayer  bill  has  evidently  been  drafted  without  a  proper 
consideration  of  the  real  requirements  of  the  shoe  industry.  For  one  thing,  it  would  abridge  the  freedom  of 
contract  which  shoe  manufacturers  now  enjoy.  There  are  many  distinct  machines  which  are  required  in  the 
making  of  shoes,  and  these  machines  work  together  most  efficiently  in  a  series  or  groups.  For  the  purpose  of 
best  economy  it  is  important  that  there  should  be  continuity  of  operation  and  service,  and  it  is  to  the  advan- 
tage of  a  shoe  manufacturer,  so  far  as  po.ssible,  to  obtain  all  his  machinery  through  a  company  which  is  capa- 
ble of  insuring  such  continuity.  A  shoe  machinery  company  which  supplies  a  manufacturer  with  a  series  of 
machines  is  in  better  position  to  keep  those  machines  in  good  repair  and  in  continuous  operation  at  a  smaller 
expense  and  with  greater  effectiveness  than  a  company  which  only  has  a  few  individual  machines  scattered 
about  through  many  factories.  __  .      ,      ,  ,. 

There  are  many  shoe  manufacturers  who  wish  to  be  m  a  position  to  engage  from  a  single  shoe  machinery 
manufacturer  a  number  of  machines  which  are  operated  together  in  a  series  so  as  to  enjoy  the  advantage  of 
this  harmony  and  effectiveness  of  service,  and  these  shoe  manufacturers  are  now  at  liberty  to  enter  into  con- 
tracts by  which  they  can  obtain  the  use  of  a  series  of  machines  from  a  given  company  on  more  favorable  terms 
than  they  could  get  if  they  were  to  use  only  one  of  that  company's  machines. 

Under  proposed  legislation  it  would  no  longer  be  possible  for  a  .shoe  manufacturer  to  make  such  a  con- 
tract. If  he  should  wish  to  use  the  entire  series  of  machines  of  the  United  Company,  for  instance,  he  would 
be  compelled  to  pay  the  same  prices,  rentals,  and  royalties  as  the  manufacturer  who  uses  only  one  of  the 
machines  of  the  United  Company,  and  he  would  be  permitted  to  receive  only  the  same  service.  It  would  no 
longer  be  possible  for  him  to  enjoy  the  use  of  the  company's  auxiUary  machines  without  the  payment  of  a 
royalty  on  each  of  those  machines.     This  is  manifestly  unjust. 

There  are  other  objections  to  the  proposed  measures,  but  the  one  I  have  indicated  seems  to  me  to  be  con- 
clusive, and  I  believe  that  the  great  majority  of  shoe  manufacturers  on  consideration  of  the  scope  of  the  bills 
will  be  found  to  be  opposed  to  their  enactment. 

I  respectfully  urge  you  to  use  your  influence  against  their  passage. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 

W.  L.  DOUGLAS, 
President  W.  L.  Douglas  Shoe  Company. 


Page  43 


Page  44 


Athletic  Association  Gun  Club  Meet 


The  United  Shoe  Machinery  Band 


Page  45 


On  the  following  pages  are  pic- 
tured a  few  of  the  Machines 
made  at  the  Beverly  Factory 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes. 


Page  46 


IS  ^    ^  '  <  yi ; 


1.  Ultima  Heel  Trimming  Machine 

2.  Crest  Heel  Blacking  Machine  —  Model  B 

3.  Goodyear  Improved  Sole  Laying  Machine — Twin 

4.  Hadaway  Stitch  Separating  Machine 

5.  Universal  Slugging  Machine 

6.  American  Twin  Sole  Moulding  Machine —  Model  C 

7.  Goodyear  Universal  Rounding  and  Channeling  McK, 


8.  Goodyear  Universal  Inseam  Trimming  Machine 

9.  Atlas  Leveling  Machine  — Model  A 

10.   McKayAutomaticHeel  Loading  and  AttachingMch. 
1  1 .   Goodyear  Welt  and  Turn  Machine  —  Model  G 

12.  Ideal  Clicking  Machine  — Model  C 

13.  Con.  Hand  Method  Welt  Lasting  Machine 

14.  U.  S.  M.  Co.  Inaole  Tacking  Machine  No.  I 


15.  Goodyear  Outsole    Rapid    Lockstitch    Machine  — 

Model  K 

16.  Universal  Power  Eyeletting  Machine 

I  7,    Improved  Geared  Sole  Cutting  Machine— Model  CC 

18.  Rex  Rotary  Pounding  and  Trimming  Machine  — 

Model  B 

19.  Goodyear  Insole  Tack  Pulling:  Machine 

Page  47 


20.  Union  Twin  Edge  Setting  Machine  — Model  S 

2 1 .  Goodyear  Heel  Turning  Machine 

22.  Imperial  Heel  Breasting  Machine  —  Model  B 

23.  Universal  Double  Clinch  Machine 

24.  Goodyear  Welt  Indenting  and  Burnishing  Machine 

25.  Feather    Edge    and    Shank    Reducing   Machine  — 

Model  H 

26.  Goodyear  Universal  Welt  Beating  Machine 

Page  48 


27.  Planet  Rounding  Machine  — Model  D 

28.  Duplex  Eyeletting  Machine 

29.  U.  S.  M.  Co.  Lasting  Machine  No.  5 

30.  Upper  Cleaning  Machine  — Model  R 

3 1 .  Monarch  Counter  and  Box  Toe  Skiving  and  Finish- 

ing Machine 

32.  Rex  Hammer  Pounding  Machine 


33.  Welt  Cutting  Machine  — Model  N 

34.  McKay  Sewing  Machine  — Model  B 

35.  Goodyear  Welt  and  Turn  Shoe  Leveling  Machine 

36.  Regent  Stamping  Machine  —  Model  C 

37.  Goodyear  Automatic  Sole  Leveling  Machine 

38.  Goodyear  Universal  Channeling  Machine 

39.  Gearless  Sole  Cutting  Machine  —  Model  E 


40.  Rex  Assembling  Machine 

4 1 .  Royal  Perforating  Machine  —  Model  B 

42.  Pyramid  Heel  Building  Machine  —  Model  C 

43.  Empire  Splitting  Machine  — Model  C 

44.  Rex  Upper  Trimming  Machine 

45.  Xpedite  Heel  Finishing  Machine 

46.  Top  Piece  Sanding  Machine— Model  G 


47.  Crown  Tip  Punching  Machine  —  Model  P 

48.  Heel  Seat  Rough  Rounding  Machine 

49.  Hercules  Leveling  Machine  —  Model  B 

50.  Star  Channel  Cementing  Machine 

51 .  Champion  Shank  Skiving  Machine—  Model  A 

52.  Edge  Trimming  Machine  —  Model  A 

53.  Victor  Rolling  Machine  —  Model  E 


54.  American  Lightning  Nailing  Machine 

55.  Ensign  Lacing  Machine — Model  B 

56.  Rapid  Rotary  Cementing  Machine 

57.  Apex  Channeling  Machine 

58.  Improved  Vamp  Marking  Machine  —  Model  C 

59.  Premier  Heel  Pricking  Machine 


Page  49 


60.  Rapid  Standard  Screw  Machine 

6 1 .  Crescent  Toe  Gouging  Machine —  Model  C 

62.  Eagle  Upper  Stamping  Machine  —  Model  C 

63.  Miller  Twin  Shoe  Treeing  Machine  —  Model  H 

64.  Pluma  Skiving  Machine  — Model  D 

65.  Loose  Nailing  Machine  No.  2 

66.  Goodyear  Upper  Stapling  Machine 

Page  50 


67.  Rex  Pulling  Over  Machine 

68.  Improved  Gearlesa  Sole  Cutting  Machine — Model  A 

69.  Taper  Nail  Tacking  Machine,  Double  Head 

70.  Amazeen  Skiving  Machine  —  Model  No.  7  and 

Grinder 

71.  Automatic  Heel  Compressing  Machine  No.  4 

72.  Eagle  Sole  Stamping  Machine  —  Model  C 

73.  Goodyear  Flexible  Sole  Machine  —  Model  B 


74.  1 8"  Centennial  Splitting  Machine  —  Model  A 

75.  Buffing  Machine —  Model  G 

76.  Goodyear  Tack  Pulling  and  Resetting  Machine 

77.  Summit  Splitting  Machine  —  Model  P 

78.  Summit  Splitting  Machine  —  Model  M 

79.  Champion  Heel  Lift  Skiving  Machine  — Model  A 

80.  improved  Baby  Sole  Cutting  Machine  —  Model  P 

The  Barta  Press,  Boston 


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